African Leaf Fish

The African Leaf Fish is a master of disguise and one of the most fascinating predatory fish in the aquarium hobby. Native to West African rivers, these fish have evolved to look exactly like a dead leaf, with a flattened, leaf-shaped body and coloration that mimics decaying vegetation. They remain motionless for hours, swaying gently with the current just like a real leaf, waiting to ambush unsuspecting prey. When a suitable victim comes within striking distance, they explode into action with incredible speed, inhaling their prey in a fraction of a second. Their camouflage is so effective that they can be nearly invisible in a well-decorated tank. African Leaf Fish are predatory and will eat any fish they can fit in their expandable mouths, which are surprisingly large relative to their body size. They are a fascinating challenge for experienced aquarists who can provide live foods and appreciate their unique predatory behaviors.

Care Requirements

Tank Setup

African Leaf Fish require a heavily planted tank with leaf litter, driftwood, and dim lighting to showcase their camouflage abilities. A 40-gallon tank is recommended with plenty of hiding spots and visual barriers. Use dark substrate and tannins from leaf litter to create the blackwater conditions they prefer. Dense planting along the back and sides provides hunting grounds.

Water Quality

• Temperature: 75-82°F (24-28°C)
• pH: 6.0-7.5
• Water Hardness: Soft to moderate, 2-12 dGH
• Ammonia/Nitrite: 0 ppm
• Nitrate: <20 ppm

Feeding

These obligate predators require live fish or high-quality frozen alternatives. They will accept small livebearers, feeder guppies, or appropriately sized frozen fish. Some may be trained to accept large carnivore pellets or krill. Feed 2-3 times weekly with substantial meals. Do not overfeed as they have slow metabolisms.

Behavior & Compatibility

African Leaf Fish are solitary predators that should be kept alone. They will eat any fish they can fit in their large mouths, including fish nearly their own size. They are strictly species-only fish and cannot be housed with any tank mates. Their predatory nature and specialized care requirements make them suitable only for experienced aquarists.

Tips for Success

• Must be kept alone; they will eat any tank mates
• Provide excellent camouflage with leaf litter and driftwood
• Patience is required; they may not eat for days after acclimation
• Use feeding tongs to offer food directly if they are hesitant
• Their camouflage is remarkable; you may lose track of them in the tank
• Maintain pristine water conditions as they are sensitive to poor water quality
• Dim lighting and tannins help them feel secure and display best coloration